Dr. Pavan Duggal Member of Della Leaders Club, Delhi Chapter

Artificial Intelligence is a buzzword that we are beginning to hear with increasing regularity. The news constantly keeps on telling us how advances in Artificial Intelligence are happening at a very rapid pace. Given this, it is but natural to expect that Artificial Intelligence will be an integral part of our day-to-day lives in the next decade and half.

In that context, it becomes essential to examine as on current date what are the legal, policy and regulatory issues pertaining to Artificial Intelligence. These are early days when the foundation of the Artificial Intelligence building is currently being built. This is also a right time where the legal frameworks pertaining to Artificial Intelligence must be evolved and developed at an early stage so as to help enable mankind to not just reap the benefits and advancements of Artificial Intelligence but also to ensure that Artificial Intelligence does not become so intelligent so as to surpass human intelligence in the coming times. In this context, the law pertaining to Artificial Intelligence becomes an important subset of the Cyberlaw umbrella that is constantly evolving.

In this Book, I have sought to examine as on date, the various significant legal, policy and regulatory issues pertaining to Artificial Intelligence. The Book tends to ask various questions. The answers of number of these questions are currently not available. However, the Author believes that by raising the important questions and flagging the important issues, the legal jurisprudence pertaining to Artificial Intelligence could be substantially evolved and further developed with the passage of time.

The Book deals with all major and important legal, policy and regulatory issues pertaining to Artificial Intelligence, at the time of writing. As time passes by and as further advances of Artificial Intelligence continue to keep on happening, it is a question of time that more elaborate legal principles and legal frameworks pertaining to Artificial Intelligence need to evolve with the passage of time.

This Book is written for all lawyers, judges, law students, technologists, netizens and lay users of technology who are interested in the legalities pertaining to Artificial Intelligence. This book is of particular relevance directly for all technological experts and relevant stakeholders who are working on various issues pertaining to Artificial Intelligence in their day-to-day activities.

This Book is authored by Pavan Duggal (http://www.pavanduggal.com), Asia’s and India’s foremost expert on Cyberlaw, Cyber Security Law and Mobile Law, who has been acknowledged as one of the top four cyber lawyers of the world. The Author runs his niche law firm Pavan Duggal Associates, Advocates (http://pavanduggalassociates.com/) which is working on all aspects concerning the intersection of technology and the law.

The world is going to be instantaneously changed and transformed by the advent of Coronavirus. For the first time, the world has seen a public health emergency of this magnitude. However, the response mechanisms of COVID-19 are beginning to possibly display a new trend. There is going to be emergence of New Cyber World Order that is going to emerge after the advent of Coronavirus.

What is this New Cyber World Order that is likely to emerge during and after COVID-19? What are its salient features and how it is likely to further evolve? These and other related questions are sought to be addressed in the present book.

Based on the existing trends, there is no denying the fact that cyberspace is going to be massively impacted with the advent of New Cyber World Order. The New Cyber World Order is likely to have significant impact upon the enjoyment of digital and cyber liberties and rights.

Further, New Cyber World Order could potentially see the emergence of much more powerful nation states which are likely to further impact the future growth of cyberspace.

The dawn of New Cyber World Order is likely to enable cyberspace to enter into a new era. This era will have its own distinct challenges and opportunities and would potentially even aim to redefine some of the existing concepts that the world has currently known. What could be the practical challenges that New Cyber World Order could bring forward and what could be the approaches of various stakeholders given the advent of New Cyber World Order- these and other related issues have sought to be raised in the present book.

I hope this book could potentially sensitize minds of people on how cyberspace is going to be irreversibly changed with the advent of and response mechanisms to Coronavirus. How should we be prepared for this New Cyber World Order is a million dollar question?

Needless to say, I am not a soothsayer. However, I have written this book on the principles of emerging trends that I am able to see on the horizon. However, what will be the final manifestation and avatars of New Cyber World Order is something that only time will only tell us in greater details.

I believe that this book should be of interest to all stakeholders in cyberspace, World Wide Web and the Internet including policymakers, Governments, international organizations, users and other stakeholders in the cyber ecosystem.

This Book should be of value to all persons, and specifically private institutions, organizations, employers, employees, lawyers, legal professionals, judges, academicians, nation states, governments and other stakeholders in the coronavirus ecosystem.

This Book is authored by Dr. Pavan Duggal (http://www.pavanduggal.com), internationally renowned and acclaimed foremost expert on Cyber Security Law and Cyberlaw, who has been acknowledged as one of the top four cyber lawyers of the world. This Book’s Author runs his niche law firm Pavan Duggal Associates, Advocates ( http://pavanduggalassociates.com/ ) which is working on all aspects concerning technology and the law.

LAW OF INTERMEDIARIES IN INDIA

Today’s world is a connected world. Large numbers of legal entities are not only connected to the Internet but are also invariably offering services of various kinds on computer networks and the Internet. These service providers invariably deal with third party data as also provide platforms where such third party data is generated, uploaded, retained, transmitted or hosted or dealt with in any manner whatsoever.

Variety of service providers providing various kinds of services of computer networks qualify as intermediaries under Indian Cyberlaw.

The Indian law has come up with a unique legal concept of “intermediaries” in the context of use of computers, computer systems, computer networks, computer resources and communication devices as also data and information in the electronic form. This is thanks to special provisions in India’s special legislation being the Information Technology Act, 2000, as amended by the Information Technology (Amendment) Act, 2008.

The law on intermediaries has developed in India, with the coming up with the Information Technology Act, 2000. Major changes pertaining to liability of intermediaries have been made by the Information Technology (Amendment) Act, 2008.

What is the liability of intermediaries in India? How can intermediaries be made liable for third party data or information made available by them on their networks? What does the law expect intermediaries to do in India? What kinds of compliances does the law require intermediaries to do in India? What kind of due diligence to be expected from intermediaries in India? These and a variety of other issues are discussed and detailed in the present eBook.

This eBook is an absolute must for all intermediaries in India, who are providing any services of any kind whatsoever on computer networks physically located within India. This eBook sensitizes intermediaries about their need to keep in mind various compliance requirements, while structuring and performing their day-to-day operations and business activities. Further, this eBook also provides ways of how intermediaries can protect themselves from potential legal liability, both civil and criminal, under the Indian Cyberlaw.

The law on intermediaries has developed substantially over the last one decade in India. This eBook captures the main elements of the law in this regard in India.

This eBook is a must for all legal practitioners, law libraries, companies, service providers and operators, all companies offering their services in the electronic ecosystem and all users of computers, computer systems, computer networks, computer resources and communication devices. This eBook is essential for intermediaries or legal entities, providing any component or service available on or through the electronic ecosystem, electronic environment and electronic networks, who want to protect themselves from potential legal liability. This eBook further elaborates on the various legal challenges facing the ever important issue of liability of intermediaries in the electronic ecosystem.

This eBook is authored by Pavan Duggal (http://pavanduggalassociates.com/whoweare.html), Asia’s and India’s foremost expert on Cyberlaw who has done pioneering work in the area of Mobile Law. This eBook’s Author runs his niche law firm Pavan Duggal Associates, Advocates (http://pavanduggalassociates.com/) which is working on all aspects concerning technology and the law.

A new treatise on the legal jurisprudence concerning “Mobile Apps & Mobile Law” seeks to cover unchartered territory.

The ebook entitled “Mobile Apps & Mobile Law” has been authored by Pavan Duggal, Asia’s and India’s renowned expert and authority in Cyberlaw, who has the credit of doing pioneering work in the various areas of Mobile law.

The ebook is the first of its kind in its specialized category and has explored various hitherto unexplored various legal/regulatory issues pertaining to Mobile Apps in International perspectives.

“There is an app for that”. When this famous saying was coined, little did people comprehend about the evolving future of mobile apps. Mobile apps or mobile applications are not just doorways of convenience that are available on our mobile phones, they also represent yet another aspect of accessing data and mobile networks as also the Internet. Over the last few years, mobile app economy has boomed. The figures pertaining to mobile apps growth on IOS and also at Android market place has demonstrated in crystal clear terms that mobile apps are here to stay.

The adoption, use and continued reliance on mobile apps has various legal, policy and regulatory issues. In fact, large numbers of users of mobile apps don’t even know what are the legal, policy and regulatory issues connected with the same and have little awareness about the ramifications that their actions using mobile apps can have, on their own lives and digital existence. It is in this regard, that this ebook seeks to examine the existing current legal landscape pertaining to mobile apps.

Does the use of a mobile app have any legal consequences? Can a mobile app and its daily use by a user have legal connotations? What kind of legal, policy and regulatory issues impact mobile apps? Are peoples’ privacy significantly impacted the use of mobile apps? Are mobile apps mere doorways of convenience or are they data repositories who are silently stealing information about your personal, professional and social lives including your geo-location information, possibly without your consent? Does use of use mobile apps have legal connotations for our digital future? These and a variety of other issues are sought to be addressed by the present ebook.

This ebook aims to sensitize all stakeholders in the mobile application ecosystem including lay users about the legal, policy and regulatory issues pertaining to mobile apps. In fact as we write, legal, policy and regulatory issues concerning mobile apps are continuing to grow and are sought to be addressed in a variety of ways. This ebook aims to sensitize the reader about some of the important issues concerning use, adoption and continued reliance on mobile apps. Clearly, these are early days yet and large numbers of developments have yet to take place. Further, lot of case laws and judge made law is also ultimately going to determine the way the jurisprudence around mobile apps is going to develop. Various national governments are tying up with different ideas to come up with appropriate legal regulatory frameworks so as to appropriately regulate mobile apps and their respective activities. This ebook seeks to look at variety of all pertinent legal issues which impact mobile apps and how the said issues are likely to evolve over a period of time in the coming future.

The internet appears to be an information paradise from one perspective. However, seen from another perspective, internet appears to be a serious battlefield for various state and non-state actors. Increasingly, cyber actors are using cyberspace for perpetuating various cyber attacks.

These cyber attacks are ultimately aimed at destabilizing the computer systems and data resident therein. These attacks can be targeted against individuals, various governmental bodies, ministries and even governments at large. Last few years have seen unprecedented growth of cyber attacks that have been launched, either using cyberspace or targeted at cyberspace.

These cyber attacks are increasingly becoming an important challenge for various stakeholders to address. The significance of these attacks is that they tend to completely disrupt the electronic commerce operations, electronic governance services and Critical Information Infrastructure related services on computer resources located in different jurisdictions.

The nature of cyber attacks on companies and organizations is distinctly different from the attacks on governments and Critical Information Infrastructure sectors.

The intention of cyber attacks could be varied and diverse and could be based on vested interests. No wonder, when it is stated that the next war would take place in cyberspace, prediction makers are not off the mark. Cyberspace has emerged as new battle ground of the new millennium. These cyber attacks bring forward various legal, policy and regulatory which need to be appropriately addressed by Cyberlaw regimes in the coming times.

Cyber attacks can either be repulsed through technological means and appropriate counter measures and can also be sought to be minimized by coming up with appropriate deterrent legal regimes and mechanisms to cover cyber attacks.

This book seeks to examine increasing prevalence of cyber attacks in today’s times and also various legal, policy and regulatory issues connected with such attacks and what approaches need to be adopted by various stakeholders, so as to prevent cyber attacks and mitigate the damages caused by cyber attacks.

This book further seeks to examine the existing cyber legal jurisprudence impacting cyber attacks and hopes to define some of the key elements, on which cyber attacks related Cyberlaw jurisprudence, has to evolve in the coming times.

Today, cyber attackers are virtually having a ball. They have realized that there is no adequate deterrent mechanisms to deter them from their activities and consequently, they are engaging in cyber attacks at will. However, as time passes by and as cyber attacks become more and more prevalent, the need for regulating the same shall become more and more pronounced.

This book hopes to sensitize the various legalities concerning cyber attacks for all stakeholders. This book further hopes to contribute to the evolving cyber legal jurisprudence concerning cyber attacks.

The book has been written in a layman’s language to sensitize the lay internet users about the various aspects and nuances of emerging cyber attacks at the global, regional and national levels.

This book should be of value to all persons, and specifically private institutions, organizations, employers, employees, lawyers, legal professionals, judges, academicians, nation states, governments and other stakeholders in the digital ecosystem.

This Book is authored by Dr. Pavan Duggal (http://www.pavanduggal.com), internationally renowned and acclaimed foremost expert on Cyber Security Law and Cyberlaw, who has been acknowledged as one of the top four cyber lawyers of the world. This Book’s Author runs his niche law firm Pavan Duggal Associates, Advocates ( http://pavanduggalassociates.com/ ) which is working on all aspects concerning technology and the law.

Internet has been growing by leaps and bounds. We are familiar with the Internet of Things (IOT) where all kinds of smart devices are getting connected to the internet. But beyond the advent and emergence of the Internet of Things (IoT), a new kind of internet is being postulated. This is known as the Internet of Behaviour.

This is a new paradigm which is substantially based on Internet of Things (IoT) but is specifically focused on analyzing the various data generated by data entities in the Internet of Things (IoT) ecosystem and substantially impacting user behaviours.

Hence, Internet of Behaviour is now taking Internet of Things (IoT) on to a different level altogether. Experts are envisaging a very bright future for Internet of Behaviour. However, the coming of Internet of Behaviour brings across vast variety of legal, policy and regulatory issues that will have to be appropriately addressed.

This book aims to look at the legalities and also the legal, policy and regulatory issues impacting the Internet of Behaviour. This book also sensitizes some of the key important considerations that need to be kept by Internet of Behaviour ecosystem stakeholders, as they go about doing various activities in the said ecosystem.

This book aims to further learn from some of the experiences in legislating current Internet of Things (IoT) related legislations and highlight the need for new cyber legal approaches and perspectives to deal with the various challenges thrown by Internet of Behaviour.

This book has been written in a simple layman’s language to sensitize the stakeholders about the various legal, policy and regulatory aspects of Internet of Behaviour.

This book should be of value to all persons, and specifically private institutions, organizations, employers, employees, lawyers, legal professionals, judges, academicians, nation states, governments and other stakeholders in the digital ecosystem.

This Book is authored by Dr. Pavan Duggal (http://www.pavanduggal.com), internationally renowned and acclaimed foremost expert on Cyber Security Law and Cyberlaw, who has been acknowledged as one of the top four cyber lawyers of the world. This Book’s Author runs his niche law firm Pavan Duggal Associates, Advocates ( http://pavanduggalassociates.com/ ) which is working on all aspects concerning technology and the law.

The pandemic times are the times of unprecedented significance which throw up new distinctive challenges that have not been thrown up earlier.

The increasing reliance on cyberspace during the pandemic times in the third decade of the twenty first century, has thrown up unprecedented new cyber and ethical issues and challenges. As stakeholders increasingly turn on to cyberspace in the times of the public health emergency, they share their experiences, perspectives as also offer assistance, numerous cyber ethical questions come up for consideration. A number of these ethical questions have legalities connected therewith.

This book seeks to identify and analyze some of the important cyber ethical issues that the coming of pandemic has brought forward. These cyber ethical issues and principles emerged during the pandemic often represent the manifestations of the hopes and aspirations of people at large.

Considering these cyber ethical issues and aspects becomes an important element, as state and non-state actors refine their evolving strategies and approaches to deal with challenges of the pandemic.

This book has sought to highlight important cyber ethical challenges and issues that have brought up in the context of cyberspace during the coronavirus times. This book has further sought to highlight important ethical considerations which further need to be taken into consideration by stakeholders as they evolve further cyberspace targeted strategies to deal with the pandemic.

The pandemic is now being effectively documented on the internet. This documentation of the pandemic times itself is throwing up cyber ethical issues and challenges which have also sought to be highlighted in the present book.

This Book should be of value to all persons, and specifically private institutions, organizations, employers, employees, lawyers, legal professionals, judges, academicians, nation states, governments and other stakeholders in the digital ecosystem.

It is hoped that this book will contribute in the evolving legal jurisprudence on cyber ethical issues and challenges in the pandemic times.

This Book is authored by Dr. Pavan Duggal (http://www.pavanduggal.com), internationally renowned and acclaimed foremost expert on Cyber Security Law and Cyberlaw, who has been acknowledged as one of the top four cyber lawyers of the world. This Book’s Author runs his niche law firm Pavan Duggal Associates, Advocates (http://pavanduggalassociates.com/) which is working on all aspects concerning technology and the law.

India has been seeing a dramatic increase in fake news over the last many years. From merely being a western phenomenon, fake news has got itself entrenched as an integral element of the Indian information ecosystem. Given the fact that as India adds more users to its internet user base, there is increasing propensity amongst people to take for granted, what they see online as correct.

Consequently, fake news has begun to start having an impact not just upon social media, internet and cyberspace but also in the physical world activities and events.

Fake news in India has been responsible for generation of frictions and conflicts, sometimes even leading to communal riots and violence. At other times, fake news has been eroding the confidence of the people in the efficacy of the existing societal and legal instruments to regulate the same.

Fake news has also begun to start having impact in India, as far as elections are concerned. However, the fact remains is that India is still not prepared in terms of coming up with holistic cyber legal approaches to deal with fake news. Fake news is like the black poison which dirties the waters of information highways. In case, the fake news phenomenon is not appropriately addressed, the same could have prejudicial impact upon various stakeholders in the information ecosystem.

This Book seeks to examine the current level of growth and evolution of fake news in India and how cyber legal approaches are being adopted in India for dealing with the same. The Book also highlights the legal and policy vacuum exist in India for regulating fake news and argues that India must now have dedicated legislative frameworks to regulate fake news.

This Book acts a reality check, in terms of India to have more holistic and broad legal frameworks approach so as to deal with the menace of fake news.

This Book should be of value to all persons, and specifically private institutions, organizations, employers, employees, lawyers, legal professionals, judges, academicians, nation states, governments and other stakeholders in the digital ecosystem.

This Book is authored by Dr. Pavan Duggal (http://www.pavanduggal.com), internationally renowned and acclaimed foremost expert on Cyber Security Law and Cyberlaw, who has been acknowledged as one of the top four cyber lawyers of the world. This Book’s Author runs his niche law firm Pavan Duggal Associates, Advocates ( http://pavanduggalassociates.com/ ) which is working on all aspects concerning technology and the law.

The coming of the year 2020 has brought forward irreversible changes in cyberspace. Thanks to the public health emergency, digitization has massively increased and the internet has become new lifeline of people across the world. The coming of pandemic has had an impact upon cyber legal approaches and perspectives.

Different countries have focused on adopting diverse legal approaches and strategies, which have been, in their own manner, contributing to the evolving Cyberlaw jurisprudence in 2020.

This book examined the evolving developments of Cyberlaw jurisprudence in 2020. This book further analyzes how the advent of pandemic has necessitated countries to change their existing strategies so as to deal with legal challenges thrown up by the public health emergency. This book examines the holistic important global developments in Cyberlaw jurisprudence in 2020 during the era of the pandemic.

It also examines how cyber legal approaches are also being appropriately modified, in different parts of the world so as to specifically deal with challenges of pandemic.

As new challenges of increased wave of public health emergency infections emerge, it is expected that Cyberlaw jurisprudence evolving in 2020 could provide foundation for adoption and implementation of other cyber legal frameworks in the coming future.

This book is an absolute must for all students, who want to understand as to how Cyberlaw jurisprudence is being molded in the year 2020. The book has been written in a simple language and has aimed to highlight the important key trends in Cyberlaw in the year 2020.

I believe that this book should be of interest to all stakeholders in cyberspace, World Wide Web and the Internet including policymakers, Governments, international organizations, users and other stakeholders in the cyber space.

This Book should be of value to all persons, and specifically private institutions, organizations, employers, employees, lawyers, legal professionals, judges, academicians, nation states, governments and other stakeholders in the digital ecosystem.

This Book is authored by Dr. Pavan Duggal (http://www.pavanduggal.com), internationally renowned and acclaimed foremost expert on Cyber Security Law and Cyberlaw, who has been acknowledged as one of the top four cyber lawyers of the world. This Book’s Author runs his niche law firm Pavan Duggal Associates, Advocates ( http://pavanduggalassociates.com/ ) which is working on all aspects concerning technology and the law.

The public health emergency of the year 2020 has been an unprecedented event in recent history, which has brought alongwith it, a sense of panic, despair and anxiety all around.

Countries are increasingly mandating social isolation and social distancing as a way to contain the further transmission and dissemination of such infections. In this context, more and more countries and statutory organizations are increasingly encouraging private sector players and semi-governmental organizations to allow their employees to work from home, wherever feasible.

Working from home has been a concept that has been in existence for some time. However, this entire concept of Work From Home is being retested for its resilience and its efficacy in the year 2020. However, the increased adoption and reliance on Work From Home, in 2020, has specifically brought forward various peculiar and unique legal, policy and regulatory nuances which need to be addressed by all stakeholders. These nuances are all the more special and important, given the constantly changing ground realities and given the massive advancement of cyber security breaches and cybercrime incidents that have been constantly growing with the advent of the pandemic.

In this context, this book seeks to collate some of the more significant and important legal, policy and regulatory nuances that all stakeholders need to keep in mind, while allowing or relying upon Work From Home in the pandemic age. Work From Home syndrome in the year 2020 is throwing up new distinctive challenges which will need to be appropriately addressed by all stakeholders.

Lot of innovative mechanisms and experimentation is about to begin in this regard. However, the experience of different countries in this regard will further help in evolving sound legal jurisprudence pertaining to Work From Home.

The author hopes that by reading this topical and relevant book, stakeholders would be in a better position to appreciate, some of the more significant topical and relevant legal, policy and regulatory issues, that they need to keep in mind while allowing Work From Home by their employees, during the pandemic. The list of the issues that are collated in the present book, are neither complete nor exhaustive but are only illustrative in nature. It may be possible that lot of other issues in this regard pertaining to working from home may be springing up. Stakeholders will have the duty to proactively not just understand these issues, but also come up with innovative and customized new approaches to deal with these issues. This is necessary in order to make Work From Home paradigm a success, during the pandemic age and beyond.

This Book should be of value to all persons, and specifically private institutions, organizations, employers, employees, lawyers, legal professionals, judges, academicians, nation states, governments and other stakeholders in the digital and mobile ecosystems.

This Book is authored by Dr. Pavan Duggal (http://www.pavanduggal.com), internationally renowned and acclaimed foremost expert on Cyber Security Law and Cyberlaw, who has been acknowledged as one of the top four cyber lawyers of the world. This Book’s Author runs his niche law firm Pavan Duggal Associates, Advocates ( http://pavanduggalassociates.com/ ) which is working on all aspects concerning technology and the law.

We are today living in very strange and unprecedented times when there is all kinds of information all around us. While news has been an important tool for humans, the advent of fake news has brought forward completely new paradigm for all of us. We all have been hearing term “fake news”. We have also seen various instances of fake news in our daily lives. However, fake news is not just a superficial phenomenon but attracts various cyber legal nuances and complexities also connected therewith.

This book examine the legal, policy and regulatory pertaining to fake news at the international level. Clearly, fake news has assumed such proportion that it needs to be appropriately regulated. However, there is no unanimity as to how the said regulation of fake news has to take place. This assumes even more significance since there are fundamental differences as to how stakeholders need to define fake news.

Fake news not just poisons the information ecosystem but also prejudicially impacts the human thought process. Today, fake news and its dissemination has reached such significant proportions that it is already beginning to impact public order and even in some cases sovereign interests of sovereign nations.

With the advent of social media, fake news has got a remarkable engine, which acts as a catalyst for its further dissemination and growth. This book has sought to clarify what all cyber legal approaches are being adopted globally in the direction of regulation of fake news and what further issues need to be addressed by government and policymakers, while dealing with contentious issues of fake news.

This book should of relevance to every user in the digital ecosystem who accesses information or being a potential reader or recipient of fake news or connected propaganda. This book should of value to all stakeholders in the digital ecosystem.

This book has been written in layman’s language so that complex nuances of cyber legal issues pertaining to fake news could be easily communicated. This book represents an important step in the direction of evolving jurisprudence concerning fake news at global levels.

This book should become an important reference point for various stakeholders in the digital ecosystems who are either connected with or dealing with phenomenon of fake news and its accompanying complexities.

This Book is authored by Dr. Pavan Duggal (http://www.pavanduggal.com), internationally renowned and acclaimed foremost expert on Cyber Security Law and Cyberlaw, who has been acknowledged as one of the top four cyber lawyers of the world. This Book’s Author runs his niche law firm Pavan Duggal Associates, Advocates ( http://pavanduggalassociates.com/ ) which is working on all aspects concerning technology and the law.

Artificial Intelligence as a paradigm is getting increasingly significant with each passing day. Different stakeholders are already exploring distinctive new ways of deploying Artificial Intelligence. However, the legal principles governing are still at a very early nascent stage of their development. This is so because the world by and large is still not clear as to what kind of legal principles need to be made applicable to Artificial Intelligence. In this regard, various principles are currently being examined. This book looks at some of the important legal principles that need to be made applicable in the context of Artificial Intelligence and also examines some of the important legal foundations which have been recommended by different stakeholders which could be used in the direction of legalizing and regulating Artificial Intelligence. These principles represent a collective wisdom of various stakeholders and if applied properly, could become an effective tool in the hands of Artificial Intelligence lawmakers as they come up with new legal frameworks to enable and regulate Artificial Intelligence. The list of legal principles in the said book is neither complete nor comprehensive but is only illustrative in nature. However, the said principles and their analysis thus show some of the important foundational approaches that need to be taken by lawmakers as they come up to regulate Artificial Intelligence. It is hoped that this would contribute to the evolving jurisprudence on Artificial Intelligence as these legal principles will become the building blocks using which, the edifice of Artificial Intelligence legislation is going to be build up in the coming times. This book should be of value to not just lawyers, legal professionals, lawyers, judges, academicians, nation states, governments but also other stakeholders in the Artificial Intelligence ecosystem. It is authored by Dr. Pavan Duggal (http://www.pavanduggal.com), internationally renowned and acclaimed foremost expert on Cyber Security Law and Cyberlaw, who has been acknowledged as one of the top four cyber lawyers of the world. He runs his niche law firm Pavan Duggal Associates, Advocates ( http://pavanduggalassociates.com/ ) which is working on all aspects concerning technology and the law. © Dr. Pavan Duggal, 2019

We are all so dependent on the digital format today. In the last few decades, the digital format has become an integral part of our day-to-day lives. Internet has become an essential component of our living.

Internet has transformed all of us into global authors, global broadcasters and global transmitters of data. As such, every person has been transformed into a data entity who continues to be keeps on generating data. This data and information in the electronic form is nothing but electronic evidence which can potentially be used in a variety of circumstances. Hence, electronic evidence assumes massive significance in our day-to-day lives. Today, numerous actions and litigations are having electronic evidence components. The advent of mobiles and social media and their prevalent use has ensured that electronic evidence abounds all around us. However, merely collecting it is not sufficient. The electronic evidence must be properly produced and proved in accordance with requirements of law.

This Book seeks to examine the scope and ambit of electronic evidence law in India. It has been more than 18 years since India passed its Cyberlaw which affected fundamental changes in the Indian Evidence Act, 1872 concerning admissibility and proof of electronic evidence and secondary evidence. Over a period of time, the law pertaining to electronic evidence has tremendously been changed. This Book seeks to be a handbook for every stakeholder who is interesting in how electronic evidence can be digitally produced and proved in accordance with law in India. This Book has also the collation of significant judgments that have been pronounced in that regard in India and also throw light on the potential challenges that production and proof of electronic evidence bring across in cases in India.

I have written the Book in a simple language so as to simplify the complexities and technicalities of electronic evidence and how to produce and prove the same in a Court of law in accordance with the parameters of relevant provisions in India. Electronic evidence law is a constantly evolving paradigm. As new kinds of electronic evidence evolve in the ecosystem, the law needs to substantially be braced with the latest development. The law must seek to specifically come up with more innovative user friendly approaches to allow the production and proof of electronic evidence.

This Book should be of value to not just lawyers, legal professionals, lawyers, judges, academicians, nation states, governments but also other stakeholders in the digital mobile ecosystem in India.

This Book is authored by Dr. Pavan Duggal (http://www.pavanduggal.com), internationally renowned and acclaimed foremost expert on Cyber Security Law and Cyberlaw, who has been acknowledged as one of the top four cyber lawyers of the world. This Book’s Author runs his niche law firm Pavan Duggal Associates, Advocates ( http://pavanduggalassociates.com/ ) which is working on all aspects concerning technology and the law.

“One of the best new Cyberlaw ebooks” – BookAuthority “One of the best Cyberlaw ebooks of all time” – BookAuthorityFAKE NEWS & CYBERLAWToday, we all are consuming data and information on social media. Most of the times, we tend to believe that what we see on social media is correct. The advent of Over-The-Top Applications like WhatsApp have further made the dissemination of information as easy as the click of a button. Unfortunately, a large chunk of the information that is posted on social media is invariably either not accurate or is false.

Various state and non-state actors are constantly working so as to disseminate fake news on platforms of social media for vested purposes. Consequently, fake news has emerged as one of the top important challenges facing Governments of the world. Even the President of the United States of America has constantly underlined the menace of fake news and the need for its effective regulation. The advent of fake news and its constant dissemination on computer platforms and social media across the internet, has actually brought forward large number of legal and policy issues. Fake news as a paradigm threatens to intrinsically impact the authenticity and the character of information available on social media and on the internet.

This Book seeks to examine the important legal, policy and regulatory issues pertaining to fake news at a global level, to analyze what are the various cyberlaw approaches adopted in different countries to deal with fake news and further what are the other legal paradigms that need to be addressed by lawmakers and decision makers as they go forward in the direction of effectively regulating fake news.

This Book should be of value to all Lawyers, Policymakers, Lawmakers, Parliamentarians, Legal Practitioners, who are concerned with or are interested in the phenomenon of fake news and its effectively regulation. It has been written in a very simple layman’s language so as to present in a common man’s perspective on complicated nuances pertaining to Fake News.

This Book is authored by Pavan Duggal (pavanduggal.com), internationally renowned and acclaimed foremost expert on Cyber Security Law and Cyberlaw, who has been acknowledged as one of the top four cyber lawyers of the world, he runs his niche law firm Pavan Duggal Associates, Advocates ( pavanduggalassociates.com/ ) which is working on all aspects concerning technology and the law.

“One of the best new Cyberlaw ebooks” – BookAuthority “One of the best Cyberlaw ebooks of all time” – BookAuthority’CYBER SOVEREIGNTY & CYBERLAWCyberspace has brought across distinctly new fertile areas for the potential growth of new concepts. One of the new concepts that we are beginning to hear lately is the concept of cyber sovereignty. At a first look, the entire concept of cyber sovereignty has various connotations. We all thought that cyberspace created a boundary-less medium and that being so, it was a common heritage for humanity as a whole. Hence, any talk of sovereignty in cyberspace itself runs contra to the concept of cyberspace. However, as countries have woken up to the significance and impact of cyberspace, they are now increasingly propagating and expanding the scope of the new legal concept known as cyber sovereignty.

Cyber sovereignty as a new concept talks about protection and preservation of sovereign interests in cyberspace. This Book seeks to examine the concept of cyber sovereignty, how it is evolving, what are its salient features of and how different countries through national legislations and provisions therein are slowly pushing the development of the concept of cyber sovereignty. This Book not only examines the benefits and advantages of cyber sovereignty but also highlights the challenges and difficulties that are likely to emerge in this regard. Given the fact that there is no one international Cyberlaw in place and the fact that there is no one international adjudicatory authority to adjudicate the disputes concerning cyber sovereignty, it is increasingly very clear that cyber sovereignty bring across far more new challenges as far as growth of Cyberlaw jurisprudence is concerned. All said and done, cyber sovereignty will be increasingly important aspect of Cyberlaw jurisprudence in the coming times.

This Book has been written at a very early stage of development concerning cyber sovereignty. I hope it could be a starting point for the evolution of discussion and debate about the evolving jurisprudence concerning cyber sovereignty. This book should be of value to not just lawyers, legal professionals, lawyers, judges, academicians, nation states, governments but also other stakeholders, who are concerned with how practically the concept of cyber sovereignty is beginning to evolve and is likely to sustain and consolidate in the coming times.

The eBook is authored by Pavan Duggal (pavanduggal.com), internationally renowned and acclaimed foremost expert on Cyber Security Law and Cyberlaw, who has been acknowledged as one of the top four cyber lawyers of the world. This eBook’s Author runs his niche law firm Pavan Duggal Associates, Advocates ( pavanduggalassociates.com/ ) which is working on all aspects concerning technology and the law.

Honoured to Introduce

Dr. Pavan Duggal

Expertise

Experience

Academic details

Achievements

Interviews

FYE Ep 12 PART 2 Interview with Dr Pavan Duggal, Renowned Cyber Law Expert

Interview of High Level Track Facilitator Pavan Duggal @ ITU WSIS 2018

FYE Ep 11 PART 1 Interview with Mr. Pavan Duggal, Renowned Cyber Law Expert

Articles / Publications

EMERGING GLOBAL CYBERLAW TRENDS IN 2021

CYBERLAW IN INDIA - 2020

CYBER LAW IN 2019 – TWO MAJOR INTERNATIONAL THRUSTS BY DR. PAVAN DUGGAL

LINKING OF AADHAAR CONNECTING WITH SOCIAL MEDIA AND CONNECTED LEGALITIES

Featured Videos

Dr. Pavan Duggal, Advocate. Topic: Internet, Emerging Technologies, Law & Legal Profession

Social Media: Challenges, Checks and Balances: DR.PAVAN DUGGAL ,ADVOCATE ,MEMBER OF NOMCOM COMMITTEE

Future of cyber law | Pavan Duggal | TEDxFORESchool

How To Build A Career As A Cyber Lawyer | Pavan Duggal | An Hour With LawSikho

My Journey | Pavan Duggal |Cyber Law Expert

Types of Cyber Crimes & Precautions | Pavan Duggal | Cyber Law Expert

Pavan Duggal | Security & Cyber Security Committee Launch Event

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Dr. Pavan Duggal

Conference Director | International Conference on Cyberlaw, Cybercrime and Cybersecurity | Delhi | DLC Global Security & Cyber Security Committee

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